Do I Really Need to Clean My False Teeth? | Dentist Near Me

Many people believe that because dentures aren’t natural teeth, they don’t require the same care and attention. However, this is a misconception. Whether you wear full or partial dentures, they need regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure your mouth stays healthy and your dentures remain in good condition. Proper care will also help prevent bacteria build-up and stains.

Here are some essential tips from your dentist in Sac City to help you care for your dentures:

1. Rinse Your Dentures After Meals

  • After every meal or snack, remove your dentures and rinse them with water.
  • This helps to wash away food particles and bacteria that could affect your oral health.
  • Always handle your dentures carefully to avoid damage, and avoid using hot water, which can warp them.

2. Brush Your Dentures Regularly

  • Just like natural teeth, dentures should be brushed twice a day.
  • Brush your gums, tongue, and the roof of your mouth every morning and night.
  • Be sure to clean your dentures with a soft-bristled toothbrush and use water or a non-abrasive toothpaste or denture paste.
  • Always brush gently to avoid damaging your dentures. If you need advice on the best cleaning methods, feel free to contact our dentist in Sac City.

3. Remove Adhesive Residue

  • If you use denture adhesive, make sure to remove any leftover residue by gargling with warm saltwater.
  • Then, use a clean washcloth to wipe your gums and the roof of your mouth before rinsing again with warm water.
  • For stubborn adhesive remnants, you can gently brush your gums with a soft toothbrush.

4. Soak Your Dentures Overnight

  • It is important to soak your dentures overnight in a denture cleaning solution or plain water.
  • Follow the instructions provided with your denture cleaner to ensure the best results.
  • If you wear partial dentures, use a cleaner specifically designed for them.
  • Always ensure that your dentures stay submerged to avoid them drying out, which can lead to brittleness and poor fit.

5. Keep Your Dentures Moist

  • Dry dentures can lose their shape over time and become brittle, which may cause discomfort or breakage.
  • Keeping them moist prevents these issues and helps maintain their pliability, ensuring a comfortable fit.
  • If your dentures become brittle or damaged, it may be time to visit your dentist in Sac City for a fitting or repair.

6. Regular Check-ups

  • It’s essential to see your dentist regularly for check-ups to ensure both your dentures and mouth remain in good health.
  • Regular professional cleaning can also help maintain the condition of your dentures and avoid potential issues like infection or irritation.

Taking care of your dentures ensures that they last longer and remain comfortable. If you have any questions or need assistance with denture care, don’t hesitate to contact Family 1st Dental – Sac City. We’re here to help!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Traveling Soon? Don’t Forget Your Teeth | Sac City Dentist

Traveling can be exciting, but it often disrupts our daily routines, including our oral care habits. Whether you’re traveling for business or pleasure, maintaining your oral hygiene can be a challenge. However, with a little preparation, you can keep your teeth healthy while on the go. Here are some tips from your dentist in Sac City to help you maintain your oral health during your travels.

1. Pack Wisely

  • If you’re traveling for a long time, pack enough toothpaste and floss.
  • For limited space, consider travel-sized products.
  • Disposable toothbrushes are a compact and convenient option.
  • Make sure the disposable toothbrush has soft bristles to protect your gums.
  • Ask your dentist in Sac City for toothbrush recommendations if needed.

2. Protect Your Toothbrush

  • Use a toothbrush cover to prevent contamination from surfaces like sinks and nightstands.
  • This helps keep your toothbrush clean and ready for use.

3. Stay Hydrated

  • Drink plenty of water instead of sugary or acidic drinks that can harm your teeth.
  • Water helps wash away bacteria and neutralizes harmful acids.
  • Carry a reusable water bottle to stay hydrated and protect your enamel.

4. Don’t Forget the Floss

  • Flossing is just as important as brushing for your oral health.
  • Pack disposable flossers for easy and convenient use while traveling.
  • Flossing daily helps prevent cavities and gum disease, especially while on the go.

5. Maintain Your Routine

  • Stick to your regular oral hygiene routine while traveling.
  • Brush your teeth twice a day for two minutes and floss daily.
  • Don’t skip oral care. Your smile depends on regular, thorough brushing and flossing.

At Family 1st Dental – Sac City, we’re committed to helping you maintain a healthy smile, no matter where life takes you. Contact us today to schedule your next appointment or to learn more about keeping your teeth healthy while traveling.

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Healthy Gums With One Simple Tool | Dentist Sac City, IA

Gum health plays a crucial role in your overall well-being. Symptoms such as bleeding gums, bad breath, and tooth loss can be signs of periodontal (gum) disease. However, the early stages of gum disease can often go unnoticed, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious, irreversible damage to your gums and teeth. The good news is that maintaining healthy gums is possible with simple daily care, and one of the best tools for this job is dental floss.

The Importance of Flossing

Dental floss is a powerful yet simple tool that can help you fight periodontal disease. Plaque and bacteria accumulate between your teeth, areas where your toothbrush may not reach. Flossing helps remove this buildup, which can prevent the development of gum disease. In addition to brushing twice a day for two minutes, flossing once a day is essential for keeping your gums healthy and preventing gum disease.

The process of flossing reaches the tight spaces between your teeth and under the gumline where harmful bacteria and food particles hide. If you skip flossing, you leave these areas vulnerable to plaque buildup, which can lead to gingivitis and, eventually, more severe gum disease.

Flossing Facts

Despite its effectiveness, flossing is often overlooked. According to the American Dental Association, only about 40% of Americans floss daily. This statistic shows that many people aren’t fully committed to their oral health routine. Consistently flossing can greatly improve your overall dental health and reduce your risk of gum disease. However, even if you don’t floss every time you brush, aim to floss at least once a day for optimal oral hygiene.

Research also shows a direct connection between flossing habits and improved dental health. The American Academy of Periodontology found that 27% of adults weren’t honest about their flossing habits when asked by their dentist, which means many individuals are not fully aware of how vital flossing is for their gum health.

How to Floss Properly

To floss effectively, start with about 18 inches of dental floss and hold it tightly between your thumb and index finger. Use about one inch of floss to clean between each set of teeth. Slide the floss gently up and down between your teeth, making sure to rub the floss against both sides of each tooth. Avoid snapping or forcing the floss into your gums, as this could cause irritation or injury. When you move to the next pair of teeth, use a fresh section of floss to avoid transferring bacteria.

Healthy Gums for a Healthy Smile

By spending just a few minutes flossing every day, you can protect your gums and teeth from harmful plaque buildup and prevent gum disease. Flossing, combined with regular brushing, is an easy yet effective way to maintain healthy gums for life.

Make sure you visit your dentist in Sac City at least twice a year for routine cleanings and checkups. If you have any questions about your oral hygiene routine or need advice on flossing techniques, don’t hesitate to contact Family 1st Dental – Sac City to schedule an appointment. We’re here to help you keep your smile healthy and bright!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Healthy Gums for Seniors – Tips from Family 1st Dental – Sac City | Family Dentist Near Me

As we age, maintaining healthy gums becomes increasingly important. Seniors are at a higher risk of developing periodontal (gum) disease, but the good news is that with the right care, gum disease is preventable and even reversible in many cases. If left untreated, however, periodontal disease can lead to complications such as swollen or bleeding gums, and even tooth loss. In addition, studies show a connection between gum disease and more serious health conditions, making it essential to prioritize gum health as we age.

The Health Impact of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is more than just an oral health issue. Research has shown that gum disease is linked to a variety of serious health problems. For example, a study by researchers at the University of Southampton and King’s College London found that individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease who also had periodontal disease experienced cognitive decline up to six times faster than those without gum disease.

There is also a strong connection between periodontal disease and an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. As we age, the risk of these conditions rises, making it even more important to take proactive steps to maintain gum health and prevent periodontal disease. Regular dental checkups and cleanings can help catch gum issues early, ensuring that you stay healthy overall.

Important Statistics for Seniors

According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, approximately 14% of seniors aged 65 to 74 suffer from moderate or severe periodontal disease. This percentage increases to more than 20% for those over 75. In addition, periodontal disease is more common in men than women. Smoking is another significant risk factor; the same study found that 32% of smokers had periodontal disease, compared to just 14% of non-smokers.

What You Can Do to Maintain Healthy Gums

Taking care of your gums as you age is vital to your overall health. By following a solid oral hygiene routine, you can reduce your risk of gum disease and its associated health complications. Here are a few tips to help you keep your gums healthy:

  1. Brush Twice a Day: Brush your teeth for two minutes, twice a day, using a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste. This will help remove plaque and bacteria that can lead to gum disease.
  2. Floss Daily: Flossing is key to cleaning the spaces between your teeth that a toothbrush can’t reach. If traditional flossing is difficult, consider using floss holders or interdental brushes to make the process easier.
  3. Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Regular checkups with your dentist in Sac City can help identify early signs of gum disease, allowing for prompt treatment before it causes serious problems. Professional cleanings also help remove plaque and tartar buildup that brushing alone may miss.

By taking these simple steps, you can maintain healthy gums and lower your risk of gum disease, which in turn can help prevent complications like heart disease, stroke, and cognitive decline.

If you have any questions about your gum health or need to schedule a dental checkup, please contact Family 1st Dental – Sac City. We are here to help you maintain a healthy smile and overall well-being!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Is Exercising Bad for Your Teeth? | Family Dentist Near Me

At Family 1st Dental in Sac City, we know that exercise is crucial for maintaining overall health. However, many people wonder if their fitness routines could negatively impact their dental health in the long run. Research has shown that certain exercise habits may be linked to an increased risk of tooth decay and erosion. Here’s how exercise can influence your oral health and what you can do to protect your smile.

Dry Mouth

Engaging in strenuous exercise often leads to heavy mouth breathing, which can decrease saliva production. Saliva plays a vital role in safeguarding your teeth; it contains minerals and enzymes that help fight decay-causing bacteria. To combat dry mouth during workouts, try to breathe through your nose when possible, and stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water before, during, and after exercising. Additionally, brushing your teeth beforehand can help reduce plaque and bacteria in your mouth.

Clenching Your Teeth

Intense physical activity, especially weightlifting, can lead to jaw clenching. This habit can wear down your teeth over time and even result in fractures. To protect your dental health, consider wearing a mouthguard while exercising. You can find mouthguards at most drugstores or sporting goods stores, or have a custom-fit one made by your dentist in Sac City.

The Impact of Sports Drinks

Many athletes turn to sports drinks for hydration, but these beverages often contain high levels of sugar and citric acid, which can be extremely erosive to tooth enamel, up to 30 times more than water! The citric acid can soften enamel, making your teeth more vulnerable. Instead of sipping on sports drinks throughout your workout, opt for water. If you do consume a sugary drink, try to limit it to a short time frame and rinse your mouth with water afterward to minimize the acid’s effects.

Managing Sugar and Acidity

Every time you consume sugar or carbohydrates, your mouth produces acid that attacks tooth enamel for about 30 minutes. While your teeth can recover from up to three acid attacks a day (including meals), it’s best to consume sugary foods and drinks all at once rather than throughout the day. Drinking plenty of water after eating sugary snacks can help neutralize acidity and protect your teeth.

Regular Dental Check-Ups

To maintain optimal oral health, it’s essential to see your dentist in Sac City at least twice a year. Regular check-ups allow us to monitor your dental health and address any potential issues before they become serious.

If you have questions about how exercise may be affecting your teeth, or if you’d like to schedule an appointment, please contact Family 1st Dental today! We’re here to help you maintain a healthy and radiant smile.

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Sealants for Adults: A Smart Choice for Dental Health | Dentist in Sac City

At Family 1st Dental in Sac City, we believe that dental care is essential at every age, and that includes adults considering sealants. While many associate sealants with children’s dental health, adults can also reap significant benefits from this preventive treatment. Research from the American Dental Association suggests that sealants can effectively prevent cavities on healthy teeth in adults as well.

What Are Dental Sealants?

Dental sealants are a thin plastic coating applied to the chewing surfaces of teeth, particularly molars. While they don’t replace the importance of daily brushing and flossing, sealants provide an extra layer of protection against cavities by sealing off the deep grooves and crevices where food particles and bacteria can accumulate.

Many adults find it challenging to maintain perfect oral hygiene due to the intricate surfaces of their teeth. The deep pits and fissures on molars can trap debris that regular brushing might miss, making these areas more prone to decay.

How Sealants Are Applied

If you’re considering sealants, your dentist in Sac City will guide you through the process. Many patients are surprised at how quick and straightforward the application can be. Here’s a brief overview:

  1. Cleaning: The teeth are thoroughly cleaned to remove any plaque or debris.
  2. Preparation: The teeth are dried and treated with a special solution that helps the sealant adhere to the tooth surface.
  3. Application: The liquid sealant is then applied, filling the grooves and pits of the teeth.
  4. Curing: A curing light is used to harden the sealant, creating a smooth surface that is easier to clean.

Maintaining Your Sealants

Caring for sealants is simple. You can continue your usual brushing and flossing routine, but there are some important tips to keep in mind:

  • Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and remineralizing toothpaste, which can help maintain the health of your teeth.
  • Be mindful of staining foods and drinks, such as berries, coffee, tea, and red wine. Rinsing your mouth after consuming these can help reduce staining.
  • Avoid sticky or hard foods that may wear down the sealant over time.

With good at-home care and regular check-ups at our dental office, sealants can last up to ten years, providing long-lasting protection against cavities.

Conclusion

If you have more questions about dental sealants or are interested in having them applied, don’t hesitate to reach out. Our team at Family 1st Dental is here to help you maintain a healthy smile for life. Contact us today to schedule an appointment!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Your Child’s Routine Dental Appointment at Family 1st Dental – Sac City | Dentist 50583

Routine dental appointments are essential for maintaining your child’s oral health, and the American Dental Association recommends scheduling these check-ups every six months. This is especially crucial for children, whose mouths are continually changing and are more susceptible to tooth decay. Establishing good oral hygiene habits early on sets the foundation for a lifetime of healthy smiles.

What to Expect at Your Child’s Appointment

During your child’s visit to Family 1st Dental in Sac City, our friendly team will conduct a thorough examination of their mouth to check for any signs of tooth decay or gum disease. We’ll also provide professional cleaning to remove any plaque or tartar buildup, helping to prevent future dental issues.

Educating Your Child on Oral Hygiene

Education is a key part of the visit. Our team will engage your child in discussions about proper brushing techniques and overall oral hygiene. Depending on their age, we may introduce them to the correct use of floss and mouthwash. We take pride in creating a welcoming environment, ensuring that all questions from you and your child are answered with patience and care.

Fluoride Treatments

We may recommend applying topical fluoride to your child’s teeth during the visit. Fluoride strengthens enamel, making it more resistant to cavities. This process is quick, safe, and very effective in helping to safeguard your child’s dental health.

Sealants for Extra Protection

In addition to fluoride, we might suggest sealants as a preventive measure. Sealants are thin protective coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars, which are particularly vulnerable to cavities. Ideally, sealants should be placed as soon as these permanent teeth emerge, typically between ages 6 and 14. However, adults with healthy teeth can also benefit from sealants.

How Sealants Are Applied

The application process is straightforward and quick:

  1. Your child’s teeth are thoroughly cleaned.
  2. The teeth are dried to ensure proper adhesion.
  3. A liquid sealant is applied to the chewing surfaces.
  4. A special curing light is used to harden the sealant.

Sealants act as a barrier against plaque and acids, helping to keep the enamel protected for several years. However, they are not a substitute for good oral hygiene practices. Regular brushing, daily flossing, and ongoing professional cleanings are still essential.

Schedule Your Child’s Appointment Today!

At Family 1st Dental – Sac City, our experienced dentist and dedicated team are here to support your child’s dental health through all stages of growth. For more information or to book an appointment, contact our office today. Let’s work together to ensure your child has a bright, healthy smile!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Creating a More Youthful Smile at Family 1st Dental – Sac City | Sac City Dentist

Your smile is often the first thing people notice about you, and a bright, youthful smile can leave a lasting impression. At Family 1st Dental in Sac City, we offer effective teeth whitening solutions designed to help you achieve a vibrant, youthful appearance.

Understanding Teeth Discoloration

Over time, even with diligent oral care, teeth can become stained and discolored. Factors such as genetics, certain medications, tobacco use, and various foods contribute to this change. Aging also plays a significant role in darkening your teeth. While preventing discoloration is challenging, our skilled team can help you reclaim a whiter, brighter smile.

Our Whitening Options

At Family 1st Dental, we provide both in-office and at-home teeth whitening options tailored to your needs. Regardless of the method you choose, the goal remains the same: to apply a specialized whitening agent that lifts stains and enhances your smile. Our dentist in Sac City will work with you to determine the best approach based on your preferences and goals.

In-Office Teeth Whitening

In-office teeth whitening is the fastest route to a dazzling smile. Under the care of our experienced dental professionals, we utilize stronger bleaching agents than those typically found in at-home kits. This means quicker, often more effective results. Many patients notice a dramatic transformation, feeling rejuvenated by their brighter smiles.

The process begins with a thorough cleaning of your teeth, followed by the application of the whitening agent. We take care to protect your gums and soft tissues during the procedure. To maximize the effects, we may also use a laser light to accelerate the whitening process, and depending on your specific needs, multiple sessions may be recommended.

At-Home Whitening Solutions

If visiting our office for professional whitening isn’t feasible, we also offer at-home treatment options. You can choose from a variety of products, including whitening toothpaste, gels, strips, and trays. Our team can create custom whitening trays that fit your teeth perfectly, ensuring more even results. While at-home methods may not deliver the same dramatic outcomes as in-office treatments, they can still effectively enhance your smile.

Ready to Transform Your Smile?

If you’re looking to brighten your teeth and achieve a more youthful look, contact Family 1st Dental in Sac City today. Our friendly staff is here to provide more information or to schedule your consultation. Let us help you unveil the smile you’ve always dreamed of!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Making Oral Hygiene Fun for Your Child | Dentist Near Me

At Family 1st Dental, we know that building healthy dental habits early is key to ensuring your child has a lifetime of healthy teeth. But getting young children excited about brushing and flossing can be a challenge. By making oral hygiene fun, you can help your child stay engaged and develop positive habits. Here are some creative tips from your dentist in Sac City to make dental care an enjoyable part of your child’s daily routine:

1. Pick Out a Special Toothbrush

One of the easiest ways to keep your child excited about brushing is to let them pick their own toothbrush. Whether it’s a bright color or features their favorite cartoon character, a personalized toothbrush can turn brushing time into fun. There are also plenty of electric or battery-powered toothbrushes designed for kids that add extra excitement while being highly effective at removing plaque.

2. Choose a Kid-Friendly Toothpaste

While adults typically enjoy minty toothpaste, kids often find it too strong. Letting your child choose a toothpaste flavor they enjoy, like bubblegum, fruity flavors, or mild mint, can make brushing a more pleasant experience. When the toothpaste tastes good, it’s easier to get your child to brush for the full two minutes. Just be sure they’re using an age-appropriate toothpaste and avoid swallowing too much of it.

3. Use a Timer for Brushing

Two minutes can feel like a long time for a child, and they might struggle with brushing for the correct amount of time without a little help. Using a timer makes brushing more engaging and ensures they’re brushing long enough. You can use a traditional sand timer, a stopwatch, or even download a brushing app that turns the experience into a fun game. Letting your child control the timer can also give them a sense of independence.

4. Brush and Floss Together

Children often model their behavior after their parents, so brushing and flossing together can make a big difference. When your child sees you taking care of your teeth, they’re more likely to follow your example. Plus, brushing side by side is a great opportunity to teach them proper techniques and emphasize the importance of good dental habits.

Make Dental Care a Fun Routine

Helping your child look forward to brushing and flossing can lead to a lifetime of good oral health. By making dental care a fun and positive experience, you set the foundation for healthy teeth and gums. If you need more ideas on how to make brushing and flossing fun, don’t hesitate to reach out to your dentist in Sac City at Family 1st Dental.

Contact us today for more tips or to schedule your child’s next dental checkup!

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

The Importance of Screening for Oral Cancer | Dentist Sac City

At Family 1st Dental, we emphasize the importance of early detection, particularly when it comes to oral cancer. Like other forms of cancer, diagnosing oral cancer in its early stages can greatly increase the effectiveness of treatment. Regular screenings are a crucial step in maintaining your health, and our dentist in Sac City is highly skilled in performing thorough oral cancer screenings.

What Happens During an Oral Cancer Screening?

During your oral cancer screening, we will carefully examine your lips, tongue, gums, mouth, and throat for any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer or precancerous conditions. We will also discuss any symptoms you’ve been experiencing. If you notice any of the following signs that have lasted for more than two weeks, it’s essential to schedule an appointment immediately:

  • Ear pain
  • Mouth sores that don’t heal
  • White or red patches in your mouth
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Lumps or swelling in or around your mouth
  • Persistent sore throat without sinus issues
  • Feeling of something stuck in your throat
  • Difficulty swallowing, speaking, or moving your jaw or tongue

Understanding the Risks of Oral Cancer

While oral cancer can affect anyone, certain risk factors increase your chances of developing the disease. Some common risk factors include:

  • Genetics: A family history of cancer may increase your risk.
  • Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to the sun can increase the risk of lip cancer.
  • Diet: A poor diet lacking in essential nutrients may contribute to oral cancer risk.
  • Smoking and tobacco use: Smoking and chewing tobacco significantly raise your risk.
  • Alcohol consumption: Heavy drinking is another risk factor for oral cancer.

It’s important to note that oral cancer is more commonly diagnosed in men than women. No matter the cause, early detection is key to successful treatment.

The Power of Early Detection

One person dies from oral cancer every hour in the United States, but early diagnosis can drastically improve the odds of survival. Oral cancers detected in the early stages have an 80–90% survival rate. At these early stages, oral cancer often requires less invasive treatments, which can lead to quicker recovery and less impact on your quality of life. However, if oral cancer is diagnosed at a later stage, the cancer may have spread beyond the mouth, making treatment more complicated.

Stay Proactive with Regular Screenings

The key to battling oral cancer is early detection. By staying proactive and scheduling regular oral cancer screenings with your dentist in Sac City, you can help safeguard your health. These screenings are simple, quick, and non-invasive, yet they can make a world of difference in catching potential problems early.

If you would like more information about oral cancer screenings or need to schedule a comprehensive dental exam, contact Family 1st Dental today. Let’s work together to protect your oral and overall health.

Family First Dental – Sac City
Phone: (712) 662-4766
110 South 6th Street
Sac City, IA 50583

Visit Our Sac City Dental Office

Dentist Sac City

Sac City Location

110 South 6th Street,
Sac City, IA 50583

(712) 662-4766

Family First Dental - Dr. R. Louie Ching

Our Dental News

Dentist Sac City

Do I Really Need to Clean My False Teeth? | Dentist Near Me

Many people believe that because dentures aren’t natural teeth, they don’t require the same care and attention. However, this is a misconception. Whether you wear full or partial dentures, they need regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure your mouth stays […]

Learn More

Traveling Soon? Don’t Forget Your Teeth | Sac City Dentist

Traveling can be exciting, but it often disrupts our daily routines, including our oral care habits. Whether you’re traveling for business or pleasure, maintaining your oral hygiene can be a challenge. However, with a little preparation, you can keep your […]

Learn More

Healthy Gums With One Simple Tool | Dentist Sac City, IA

Gum health plays a crucial role in your overall well-being. Symptoms such as bleeding gums, bad breath, and tooth loss can be signs of periodontal (gum) disease. However, the early stages of gum disease can often go unnoticed, and if […]

Learn More